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Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) is the steady-state pressure concealed within the abdominal cavity. In critically ill patients, monitoring this pressure is vital to prevent Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (ACS), which occurs when elevated IAP leads to multi-organ dysfunction.

Measurement Methodology and Pathophysiology

The most common method for measuring IAP is the trans-bladder technique, utilizing a specialized pressure transducer system.

1. Procedure: A small volume of sterile saline (usually 20–25 mL) is injected into the bladder through a Foley catheter. The catheter is then clamped, and the pressure of the fluid column is measured at the end of expiration.

2. Grading Hypertension: * Grade I: 12–15 mmHg

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